D vs. T vs. J-K vs. S-R Flip-Flop: Main differences between them
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What is Flip-Flop?
A flip-flop is a circuit that has two stable states. Binary data that can be altered by using different inputs is stored in these stable states. The essential components of the digital system are flip-flops. Examples of data storage components include flip-flops and latches. The flip flop serves as the primary storage component in a sequential logical circuit. The fundamental components of storage are latches and flip flops, however, they operate differently. Flip flops can be classified as D flip flops, T flip flops, J-K flip flops, and S-R flip flops.
What are latches?
A latch is a type of logic circuit used in digital electronics; it is sometimes referred to as a bistable multivibrator. Since it can exist in both active high and active low levels, which are both stable states. By storing the data through a feedback route, it functions like a storage device. As long as the device is turned on, it keeps 1 bit of information. Once enable is declared, the latch can immediately alter the data that has been stored. As soon as the enable signal is turned on, it continuously tests the inputs. Depending on whether the enable signal is high or low, these circuits can operate in two states. Both i/ps are low when the latch circuit is in an active high state. Similarly, when the latch circuit is then an active low state, then both the i/ps are high.
Video related to Flip-Flop
Flip-Flop vs. Latches
| Latches | Flip-Flop |
| An asynchronous block is a latch. The combinational functions that provide the input signals for the latch must therefore be made sure to be race-free. Otherwise, they might produce errors that could latch, endangering your system. | The state of a flip-flop, on the other hand, changes only when a control signal switches from high to low or from low to high. |
| The output of the current state and the input of the next state are both influenced by the level of the latch, which is a binary input of either 1 or 0. | The next state input and output of a flip-flop change when the clock pulse changes, which can be either a positive (+ve) or a negative (-ve) clock pulse. |
| Latches work with an enable signal and are extremely sensitive. | Flip-flops are edge sensitive. |
| Latching significantly shortens the clock period for ASICs with high clock skew. | The impact of the clock skew is not diminished even for high-speed pulsed flip-flops with zero setup time since they are not transparent. |
| Logic gates can be used to create sequential circuit building blocks known as latches. | Sequential circuits also use flip-flops as building blocks, however, latches can also be used to create flip-flops. |
| To prevent unpredictable behavior, DFT requires latches as a lockup state at the clock domain crossings in the scan chain. | Use scannable (controllable and observable) flops in DFT. |
| Require more manual computations and tool manipulation to ensure timing is met. | Utilizing techniques for static timing analysis (STA), checking design timing is simple. |
| Cycle-borrowing to extend the setup time for the following register step, provided that each loop runs for a full cycle. Designers take timing mismatch into consideration and explore latches to correct it. | Data must be set up prior to the following rising edge because it launches on one rising edge. The system fails if it's late. Due to the rough edges in Flops, time is lost even if it arrives early. |
Conclusion of Flip-Flop vs. Latches
Latches are asynchronous while Flip-Flop is synchronous. Latches are incredibly sensitive and operate with an enable signal while Flip-flops are edge sensitive. In addition, A latch and a flip-flop are different in that a latch is level-triggered (which means that outputs can change as soon as the inputs change), whereas a flip-flop is edge-triggered (which means that it only changes state when a control signal goes from high to low or low to high). Your design must always pay close attention to latches.
Types of Flip-Flop
SR Flip Flop
The S-R flip flop is the type of flip flop used in digital systems the most frequently. When the set input "S" is true in an SR flip flop, the output Y will be high and Y' will be low. When the outputs are established, it is necessary to maintain the wiring of the circuit. Until the set or reset input is high or the power is turned off, we preserve the wiring.
The truth table of SR Flip Flop
J-K Flip Flop
The JK flip flop is used to overcome the S-R flip flop's disadvantage of having undefined states. The SR flip flop is modified to create the JK flip flop. The J-K flip flop is created by enhancing the S-R flip flop. The SR flip-flop produces an error when S and R inputs are both set to true. The JK flip-flop, however, produces the desired results. If both of the inputs to a J-K flip flop are different, the output Y will take the value of J at the following clock edge. The output toggles from one state to the other if both of its inputs are high at the clock edge, else nothing happens. In the digital system, the JK Flip Flop functions as a Set or Reset Flip Flop.
The truth table of J-K Flip Flop
D Flip Flop
The D-type Flip-flop fixes one of the primary issues with the fundamental SR NAND Gate circuit, which is that it forbids the input conditions of SET = "0" and RESET = "0." The feedback latching operation will be overridden by this state, forcing both outputs to logic "1," and the input that reaches logic level "1" first will lose control while the input that is still at logic "0" controls the latch's final state. But to avoid this, an inverter can be added in between the "SET" and "RESET" inputs to create a different kind of flip-flop circuit known as a Data Latch, Delay flip-flop, D-type Bistable, D-type Flip Flop, or just simply a D Flip Flop as it is more commonly known.
The truth table of D Flip Flop
T Flip Flop
T flip-flop is utilized, just as the JK flip-flop is. T flip flops only have a single in
put with the clock input, as opposed to JK flip flops. By joining both of the JK flip flop's inputs as a single input, the T flip flop is created. Toggle flip-flop is another name for the T flip-flop. The complement of its state can be found in these T flip-flops.
The truth table of T Flip Flop
D vs. T vs. J-K vs. S-R Flip-Flop
| D Flip-Flop | T Flip-Flop | J-K Flip-Flop | S-R Flip-Flop |
| A single data input (D) plus a clock input (CLK) make up the D flip-flop. | The toggle (T) and clock (CLK) inputs on the T flip-flop are both present. | The J-K flip-flop features a clock input (CLK), two inputs (J for the set), and K for reset. | The S-R flip-flop features a clock input (CLK), two inputs (S for the set), and R for reset. |
| Only when the clock signal makes the change from low to high (rising edge), does the output (Q) of the D flip-flop change in accordance with the input data (D). | When the clock signal changes from low to high (rising edge), the T flip-flop's output (Q) toggles (flips) its state (0 to 1 or 1 to 0) based on the input toggle signal (T). | The J-K flip-flop's output (Q) varies depending on the input signals (J and K) and the clock signal (CLK). | The input signals (S and R) and the clock signal (CLK) of the S-R flip-flop affect the output (Q), which then varies. |
| On each clock cycle, it records the input data and sends it to the output. | The output does not change if T is 0; however, if T is 1, the output switches to its complemented state. | The output (Q) varies depending on the input signals (J and K) as CLK moves from low to high (rising edge) as follows: If J=0 and K=0, the result is unaffected. J=0 and K=1 result in a 0 as the output. J=1 and K=0 result in a 1 as the output. The output switches (flips) its state if J=1 and K=1. | The output (Q) varies in accordance with the input signals (S and R) as CLK moves from low to high (rising edge) as follows: If both S and R are zero, the result is unaffected. The output is reset to 0 if S=0 and R=1. S=1 and R=0 result in a 1 as the output. The result is unexpected (an undesirable state) if S=1 and R=1. |
| The most popular flip-flop and a mainstay in sequential circuits is the D flip-flop. | Frequency division and the construction of other flip-flops both frequently use the T flip-flop. | Compared to the D or T flip-flop, the J-K flip-flop is more adaptable and has a wider range of uses. | Due to the S-R flip-flop's poor behavior when both inputs are set to 1, it is less frequently employed. |
Conclusion of D vs. T vs. J-K vs. S-R Flip-Flop
The JK and SR flip flops have one terminal each, and the T and D flip flops have one terminal each. A data flip flop or D flip flop, stores either 0 or 1 depending on the input (0 or 1), meaning that regardless of the input, the output matches the input (stores). T flip flop that stores 0 for input 1 and toggles output for input 1. A variant or enhancement of the SR Flip Flop is the JK Flip Flop. The SR flip-flop has the drawback that neither input should be HIGH when the clock is triggered. This is regarded as an incorrect input condition, and if this circumstance occurs, the output is unpredictable. A JK flip-flop and an SR flip-flop vary primarily in that a JK flip-flop allows both inputs to be HIGH. The Q output toggles, which means that it cycles between HIGH and LOW when both the J and K inputs are HIGH. By doing so, the invalid situation that arises in the SR Flip flop is removed.